例えば、最初の文字アレフ(アラビア語ではアリフ)は前の文字からは繋がりますが、後ろの文字にはつながりません。実際に単語を使って説明してみましょう。「本」は「ケターブ」です。アレフバーでいうと、k t a b です。ペルシャ語で書くと、ک ت ا ب の4文字です。k は頭字形を使います。t は中字形になりますね。a も中字形ですが、アレフは後ろの文字にはつなげないという約束がありますので、アレフの後ろの文字はアレフにくっつけて書くことはできません。最後の b は前のアレフとは途切れています。そして、この単語だけでは b で終了しますので、独立形が採られます。そうしてできるのが کتاب となるのです。ややこしいようですが、これは使えばすぐに慣れます。
アレフのように後ろに繋がらない文字にはد ذ ر ژ ز و があります
先ほどペルシャ語ではアラビア語にない4つの文字がプラスされていると言いました。その文字は「 pe پ 」「che چ 」 「 je ژ 」 「 gaf گ 」です。cheが作られているので日本語の チャ チ チュ などの音もきちんと書くことができます。アラビア語ではチャやチの音がないので千葉さんなどの表記は難しいはずです?
表の中のアルファベットの読み方はアラビア語の読み方になっています。ペルシャ語では少し違います。アレフ、ベ、ペ、テ、セ be pe te se というようにe の音で読んでいますが、どんな読み方でもいいでしょう。但し、細かいことをいうとアラビア語の発音はペルシャ語とは微妙に違うようです。今日はこれにて。
خدا حافظ khoda- hafez さようなら
US President Donald J. Trump, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, and His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, spoke Thursday and agreed to the full normalization of relations between Israel and the UAE.
This historic diplomatic breakthrough will advance peace in the Middle East region and is a testament to the bold diplomacy and vision of the three leaders and the courage of the UAE and Israel to chart a new path that will unlock the great potential in the region. All three countries face many common challenges and will mutually benefit from today’s historic achievement.
Delegations from Israel and the UAE will meet in the coming weeks to sign bilateral agreements regarding investment, tourism, direct flights, security, telecommunications, technology, energy, healthcare, culture, the environment, the establishment of reciprocal embassies, and other areas of mutual benefit. Opening direct ties between two of the Middle East’s most dynamic societies and advanced economies will transform the region by spurring economic growth, enhancing technological innovation, and forging closer people-to-people relations.
As a result of this diplomatic breakthrough and at the request of President Trump with the support of the UAE, Israel will suspend declaring sovereignty over areas outlined in the President’s Vision for Peace and focus its efforts now on expanding ties with other countries in the Arab and Muslim world. The US Israel and the UAE are confident that additional diplomatic breakthroughs with other nations are possible, and will work together to achieve this goal.
The UAE and Israel will immediately expand and accelerate cooperation regarding the treatment of and the development of a vaccine for the coronavirus. Working together, these efforts will help save Muslim, Jewish, and Christian lives throughout the region.
This normalisation of relations and peaceful diplomacy will bring together two of America’s most reliable and capable regional partners. Israel and the UAE will join with the US to launch a Strategic Agenda for the Middle East to expand diplomatic, trade, and security cooperation. Along with the US, Israel and the UAE share a similar outlook regarding the threats and opportunities in the region, as well as a shared commitment to promoting stability through diplomatic engagement, increased economic integration, and closer security coordination. Today’s agreement will lead to better lives for the peoples of the UAE, Israel, and the region.
The United States and Israel recall with gratitude the appearance of the UAE at the White House reception held on January 28, 2020, at which President Trump presented his Vision for Peace, and express their appreciation for UAE’s related supportive statements. The parties will continue their efforts in this regard to achieve a just, comprehensive and enduring resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As set forth in the Vision for Peace, all Muslims who come in peace may visit and pray at the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and Jerusalem’s other holy sites should remain open for peaceful worshippers of all faiths.
Prime Minister Netanyahu and Crown Prince Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan express their deep appreciation to President Trump for his dedication to peace in the region and to the pragmatic and unique approach he has taken to achieve it.
この章はもう少しありますが、とりあえず今日はここまでにしておきます。続きを書くか、また別の章へ移るのか、それは神のみぞ知ると言っておきましょう(笑)。ところで冒頭の画像はオスマン朝時代の17世紀にムスタファ・イブン・ムハンマドという書家のコーランの写本です。『Palace and Mosque, Islamic art from the Victoria and Albert museum』から拝借させていただいたものです。それから、ここに書いた事柄がすべてではありません。例えば酒なら酒についての記述は他にも沢山あります。同様に賭け事についても、断食や巡礼についても複数の章で書かれているので、ここのものがすべてではないことには御留意ください。